There is not one prescribed way to do this. An option would be to include a reference to your page model in your component model, and use the page controller to set the page property on each of the component presentations. You can then access the entire page model from your component models:
@Model.Page.MyProperty
If you only want to do this for selected component models, you can define an interface called HasPage, and implement that for the component models that need information from the page. Then, in the PageController, you can iterate over all your component models and only set the page if the model implements this interface. Like this:
foreach (var entity in page.ComponentPresentations)
{
if (entity is HasPage)
{
((HasPage)entity).Page = page;
}
}